[1] Fairfax Harrison, Landmarks of Old Prince William (Berryville, Va.: Reprint, Chesapeake Book Company, 1964), pp. 146-149.

[2] Gardner Cazenove Lee, Jr., Lee Chronicle (New York: New York University Press, 1957), pp. 5-6, 55-68; Beth Mitchell, Beginning at a White Oak: Patents and Northern Neck Grants of Fairfax County (Fairfax, Va.: Office of Comprehensive Planning, 1977), pp. 202-203.

[3] Harrison, Landmarks, p. 149.

[4] Lee, Chronicle, pp. 86-92; Edmund Jennings Lee, Lee of Virginia, 1642-1892 (Philadelphia: By the author, 1895), pp. 165-167; April 19, 1782, Report of Appraisement and Division of Philip Ludwell Lee's Estate, Westmoreland, Va.

[5] Trevor N. Dupuy and Gay M. Hammerman, People and Events of the American Revolution (New York: R. R. Bowker Co., 1974), p. 359; Virginia Dabney, Virginia, The New Dominion (New York: Doubleday, 1971), pp. 170-71.

[6] Lee, Chronicle, pp. 86-92.

[7] Fairfax County, Virginia, Deed Book, J-2, p. 84.

[8] Ibid., J-2, p. 245.

[9] Ludwell Lee Montague letter to Eleanor Lee Templeman, May 4, 1969. No documentation was given for this statement. Copy in working papers, Virginia Room, Fairfax County Central Library.

[10] Diane Rafuse, Maplewood (Fairfax, Va.: Office of Planning, 1970), Appendix D.

[11] Rafuse, Maplewood, pp. 56-62.

[12] Robert S. Gamble, Sully: The Biography of a House (Chantilly, Va.: The Sully Foundation, Ltd., 1973), p. 21.

[13] Melvin Steadman, Falls Church by Fence and Fireside (Falls Church, Va.: Falls Church Public Library, 1964), p. 509.

[14] Author's visit to El Nido Cemetery, off Old Dominion Drive, near McLean.

[15] Janice G. Artemel, A Preliminary Survey ofthe Literature on James Wren. Unpublished study. Falls Church, Va.

[16] Fairfax County real property tax books, 1790-1813. Virginia State Library, Archives Division.

[17] Alexandria Gazette, November 11, 18, 1811.

[18] Handwritten family tree, source unknown, in possession of Henry Mackall, Fairfax, Virginia; interviews with Peter Maffitt, direct descendant of William Maffitt, by the author.

[19] John H. Johns, History of the Rock Presbyterian Church of Cecil County, Md. (Oxford, Pa.: Oxford Press, 1872) p. 20; interviews with Peter Maffitt by the author.

[20] Princeton University, General Catalogue, 1767-1845. Peter Maffitt also investigated and reported that William had not attended the university. Founded in 1746 as the College of New Jersey, Princeton did not have a theological school, as such, until 1812. Because a persistent legend links Maffitt with South Carolina, the author checked his possible attendance at the College of Charleston, S.C. Surviving enrollment records beginning in 1790 (the college was founded in 1770) show no William Maffitt. Both the College of William and Mary and the University of Delaware reported no William Maffitt listed in any surviving records.

[21] An unsigned note from the Presbyterian Historical Society, 425 Lombard St., Philadelphia, Pa., to the author, dated December 30, 1976, states:

A check of the Presbytery of New Castle Minutes for the dates you cited, revealed mention of Maffitt's name but presented no biographical data. The 7 April 1795 minute referred only to his transfer from New Castle to Baltimore Presbytery and that he would reside in Alexandria.

[22] Letter from the University of Delaware to the author, April 4, 1977. Working papers, Virginia Room, Fairfax County Central Library.

[23] Note to the author from the Presbyterian Historical Society, December 30, 1976.

[24] Board of Trustees, Alexandria Academy, Minutes, April, 1795.

[25] Letter dated February 26, 1798, from George Washington to Dr. David Stuart. George Washington, The Writings of George Washington, 1749-1799, John C. Fitzpatrick, ed. (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1941), Vol. 36, p. 170.

[26] Mary G. Powell, History of Old Alexandria, Va. (Richmond, Va.: William Byrd Press, 1928), p.155. According to A. J. Morrison in The Beginnings of Public Education in Virginia, 1776-1860 (Richmond, Va.: Virginia State Board of Education, 1917), while the Alexandria Academy was incorporated in 1786 with George Washington as one of the trustees, the school seemingly predated its incorporation.

[27] Alexandria Gazette, November 4, 1801.

[28] Board of Trustees, Alexandria Academy, Minutes, March, 1804.

[29] This is evident only through announcements in the Alexandria Gazette, and not in lodge records, although Maffitt's likeness, a Raphael Peale physiognotrace, is displayed in the Lodge 22 headquarters now located in the George Washington Masonic Memorial in Alexandria and is reproduced in this monograph. Lodge records list Maffitt in 1804 as chaplain, but no other records show even the dates of his initiation or transfer affiliation. F. L. Brockett, The Lodge of Washington (Alexandria, Va.: George E. French, c. 1875) wrote profiles of 34 members of the lodge as of 1814, but these do not include Maffitt. However, Brockett reported that in 1799 Maffitt's charity sermon brought in a collection of $74.52, and his sermon of 1805, $91.67. "Charity sermons were preached on St. John's Day, December 27, and the collection was used to assist the poor."

[30] Alexandria Gazette, December 24, 1799.

[31] The Reverend Thomas Davis, Rector of Christ Church, Alexandria, preached the funeral sermon at Mount Vernon. The Reverend James Muir, pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Alexandria, and Dr. Addison, an Episcopal clergyman from Maryland, also attended the service. Charles W. Stetson, Washington and His Neighbors (Richmond, Va.: Garrett & Massie, Inc., 1956), p. 298, quoting Tobias Lear.

[32] Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, Minutes of the General Assembly, 1798, p. 141. The preceding year, Maffitt was listed simply as "licentiate."

[33] Ibid., Minutes, 1800, p. 192. This year, and in succeeding years, Maffitt is listed as "without charge." He did, however, carry out various pastoral duties. In 1802, at the ordination of James Inglis in the Presbyterian Meeting House, Maffitt "concluded the services, after having exhorted the newly ordained pastor and the people of his charge, in a short but impressive address," according to the Alexandria Gazette of April 30, 1802.
In May, 1808, Maffitt was a commissioner to the general assembly of the Presbyterian Church at its meeting in Baltimore, along with Reverend James Inglis. He was late in arriving and "took his seat the 4th day of the sessions." The minutes of May 23 (p. 399) report that

The Reverend William Maffitt, of the Presbytery of Baltimore, appeared in the Assembly and stated that he had neglected to bring his commission. Two commissioners from the same Presbytery certified that Mr. Maffitt had been appointed by the Presbytery as commissioner to this Assembly. On motion: Resolved, that Mr. Maffitt be received as a member. And he accordingly took his seat.

[34] Letter to the author from Ruth B. Lee, librarian of the Historical Foundation of the Presbyterian and Reformed Church, Montreat, N.C., dated March 29, 1977:

As you will see the first reference to Mr. Maffitt is as a licentiate in Baltimore Presbytery. His only pastorate seems to have been in Bladensburg (later Hyattsville), and after this he is listed as being without charge. This means that he was not an active pastor in a church. He seems to have remained in Baltimore Presbytery, though of course he may have served outside the Presbytery at some time and still remained a member of that Presbytery.

I question whether he was actually ordained by Newcastle Presbytery, since the ordination usually took place when a man was installed as the pastor of a church. The licentiate is the candidate for the ministry who is licensed to preach but is not yet ordained.

Minutes for 1809 (p. 238) and 1814 (p. 184) show Maffitt "without charge." Minutes for 1824 list him in the Presbytery of the District of Columbia as "near Georgetown, D.C." again without charge. The present offices of the Presbytery of the District of Columbia have his death date as his only record in their files.

[35] Alexandria Gazette, January 30, 1800.

[36] Ibid.

[37] Ibid., February 10, 1800.

[38] Ibid., February 21, 1803.

[39] Alexandria Library Company, Minutes, 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804.

[40] Alexandria Gazette, May 7, 1803. Although this marriage was performed by the pastor of the Presbyterian Meeting house, it did not take place in the church and is not listed in the church records.

[41] Lee, Chronicle, p. 183.

[42] Ibid., pp. 182-3.

[43] Ibid., pp. 183, 273. Here is one of the sources of confusion, as Lee states on page 183 that Henrietta was "married secondly to the Rev. William Maffit (sic) of South Carolina."

[44] Ibid., p. 183.

[45] Fairfax County, Virginia, Will Book H, p. 55.

[46] Ibid., I, p. 413.

[47] Old Presbyterian Meeting House, Alexandria, Baptismal Records.

[48] Fairfax County, Virginia, Will Book J, p. 338.

[49] Ibid.

[50] Fairfax County Personal Property Tax Records, 1805.

[51] Fairfax County Census, 1810, #284.

[52] Fairfax County, Virginia, Will Books J, pp. 241, 338; K, p. 143; L, p. 294.

[53] Ibid., L, pp. 294, 302-3.

[54] Harrison, Landmarks; Lee, Chronicle.

[55] Fairfax County, Virginia, Will Book L, pp. 294, 298.

[56] Ibid., p. 304.

[57] Ibid., p. 305.

[58] Gamble, Sully, p. 50.

[59] Lee, Lee of Virginia, p. 468.

[60] McGroarty, Presbyterian Meeting House, p. 54, footnote.

[61] Letter from Ann Calvert (Stuart) Robinson to Elizabeth Collins Lee, October 19, 1806. Lee Family Papers, Section II, Richard Bland Lee, Virginia Historical Society.

[62] Alexandria Gazette, January 8, 1802.

[63] Unsigned, undated note (1977) from Sabine Hall to the author states that these dates are in a family Bible at the hall. No marriage dates were sent, although they had been requested.

[64] Robert Carter Randolph, The Carter Tree (Richmond, Va.: By the author, 1951), omits any mention of offspring of Ann's first marriage but does list William Maffitt, II, as the only child of her second marriage. However, the American Genealogical Research Institute, History of the Carter Family (Washington, D.C.: 1972) states that four children were born to Charles and Nancy Carter: John Hill who never married; Susan, who married the Rev. Thomas Balch, pastor of the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church; Mary Walker, who married Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones; and Elizabeth, who married Alfred Carter. Apparently the Carter children, the young Turberville boys, and the Maffitts all lived together as one family after the Maffitt-Carter marriage.
Charles B. Carter was a cousin of Ann's, who owned "Richmond Hill" in Richmond County and "Mount Atlas" in Prince William. His grave is at Mount Atlas and the tombstone bears the dates 1766-1807.

[65] Young William grew up at Salona, received his M.D. from Columbian College, (later part of George Washington University), served in the Army Medical Corps, went to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1841, married Julie Chouteau, descendant of a founder of St. Louis, in 1843, and died there in 1864. It is interesting to note that of the seven members of his college class, he is the only one for whom the college does not have a full record.

[66] Alexandria Gazette, August 18, 1812.

[67] Allan C. Clark, Life and Letters of Dolly Madison, letter from Dolley Madison to her sister Lucy Todd, August 23, 1814.

[68] Ethel Stephens Arnett, Mrs. James Madison: The Incomparable Dolley (Greensboro, N.C., Piedmont Press, 1972), p. 238, 243; Dorothy Payne Todd Madison, Memoirs and Letters of Dolly Madison (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, c. 1886), p. 108.

[69] Clark, Letters, Madison to Todd, August 23, 1814.

[70] Ibid., August 24, 1814. The portrait was started by Gilbert Stuart and completed by an artist named Winstanley. A footnote on p. 184 quoted from Laura Carter Holloway Langford, Ladies of the White House states:

Half a century later, when the White House was undergoing a renovation, this portrait was sent, with many others subsequently added to this solitary collection, to be cleaned and the frame burnished. The artist found on examination that the canvas had never been cut, since the rusted tacks, time-worn frame, and the size compared with the original picture, was the most conclusive evidence that Mrs. Madison did not cut it out with a carving knife, as many traditions have industrially circulated. Matilda Lee Love was the daughter of Ludwell Lee of Belmont in Loudoun County, granddaughter of Richard Henry Lee, and niece of Harriotte Lee Turberville Maffitt. Her mother was Flora, sister of Matilda Lee.
According to Mrs. Love's memoirs in the Lee Chronicle:

Mr. Madison was a relation of my stepmother, Mrs. Lee, and was always very civil to us, and we dined and stayed at the President's several times. My father never would go there, as he opposed the Madisons to the day of his death ... I inherited from my mother, who was very wealthy, a farm near the little Falls of the Potomac, where we were to reside, and which I named Rokeby, after Scott's poem of that name, as Matilda was the heiress of Rokeby.

[71] Arnett, Mrs. James Madison, pp. 243-46; Lee, Chronicle, p. 291.

[72] Irving Brant, James Madison: Commander in Chief, 1812-1836, pp. 306-8. Brant's error regarding Maffitt's first name has been picked up by Walter Lord, Dawn's Early Light, p. 171: "James Madison ... and the rest of the presidential party rode to Salona, the home of the Reverend John Maffitt where Madison now expected to meet his wife," and by Alan Lloyd, The Scorching of Washington, p. 170: "Madison crossed the Potomac by ferry-boat, trekking into the adjacent hills toward the emergency rendezvous he had fixed with Carroll: Salona, the home of an ecclesiastical friend named John Maffitt."
When Alexandria historian Jean Elliot called Brant's attention to his error in Maffitt's first name, Brant replied to her on July 12, 1973:

My research cards are all in the Library of Congress, so I have no way of knowing whether I was misled by some earlier writing or went wrong on my own, but the matter of accuracy can be settled by the law of probability. There is no chance whatever that two preachers named John and William Maffitt co-existed in the same little community, at precisely the same time, with abundant evidence of William's existence and none of John's, in the records you cite.

[73] Old Dominion Road (Drive) did not exist until the old trolley tracks were removed in the 20th century. In a letter to Mrs. Elizabeth Payne, Chairman of the Committee for the Marie Butler Leven Preserve, Brant wrote on March 9, 1972: "I am not certain about the road from Falls Church to Salona, whether it branched off from Kirby Road at the site of the Nelson-Patterson Mill."

[74] Brant, James Madison, pp. 307-9.

[75] "The Rambler," Sunday Star, August 2, 1914.

[76] Ibid.

[77] Lee, Chronicle, p. 291; Arnett, Mrs. James Madison, pp. 245-6.

[78] Fairfax County, Virginia, Personal Property Tax Books, 1812-1843. Microfilm, Virginia State Library, Archives Division.

[79] Lee, Chronicle, Matilda Lee Love, p. 292.

[80] Fairfax County, Virginia, Will Book I, p. 294. The graveyard no longer exists.

[81] Ibid.

[82] Letter from Harriotte Maffitt to George Turberville, July 13, 1819. Copy provided by Henry and Douglass Mackall from original in possession of George Turberville of Manassas.

[83] Letter from William C. Woodbridge (director of The Asylum) to the Reverend William Maffitt, September 21, 1820. Copy provided by Henry and Douglass Mackall from original in possession of George Turberville of Manassas.

[84] Franklin B. Gillespie, A Brief History of the Lewinsville Presbyterian Church, no date.

[85] Presbyterian Church in the United States, Minutes.

[86] Fairfax County, Virginia, Will Book N-1, p. 49; Fairfax County, Virginia, Deed Book V-2, p. 85. Trudie Sundberg and John Gott point out in the 1971 Yearbook of the Historical Society of Fairfax County, Vol. 11, p. 5, that the church never received Miss Jones' four acres. Instead the property reverted to the estate of her mother, Lettice Turberville Jones, and was sold at auction with the rest of Lettice Jones' estate to pay off the creditors of Troilus Lewin Turberville, her brother. The present Lewinsville PresbyterianChurch stands on acreage given by the heirs of Dr. Mottrom Ball, who had married Martha Turberville,sister of Troilus and Lettice.

[87] Fairfax County, Virginia, Deed Books V-2, page 85; Z-2, page 403.

[88] Letter from Ann B. Maffitt, dated July 22, 1828, to Col. George W. Hunter. Copy in Salona working papers, Virginia Room, Fairfax County public library. Manuscripts Division, Alderman Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. Col. Hunter later served as administrator of the estate of Francis Lightfoot Lee of Sully.

[89] Fairfax County, Virginia, Will Books Q-1, page 271; V-2, page 85; Z-2, page 403. See appendix for inventories.

[90] Handwritten family tree, source unknown, in possession of Henry Mackall; Sarah Somervell Mackall, Early Days of Washington (Washington, D.C.: by the author, 1899).

[91] Fairfax County, Virginia, Deed Book C-3, page 314.

[92] Ibid., G-3, page 378.

[93] Fairfax County, Virginia, Deed Book J-3, page 262.

[94] Fairfax County, Virginia, Deed Book T-3, page 186.

[95] Harry Wright Newman, The Smoots of Maryland and Virginia (Washington, D.C.: by the author, 1936), pp. 1-2.

[96] Regina Combs Hammett, History of St. Mary's County, Maryland (Ridge, Md.: by the author, 1977), pp. 73, 85, 87, 96, 100, 235-6, 246, 285, 437.

[97] James Jarboe Papers, Manuscript Collection, Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore. Cited in Hammett, St. Mary's County, p. 100.

[98] Hammett, St. Mary's County, pp. 235-6, 246, 285.

[99] Margaret Brown Klapthor and Paul Dennis Brown, History of Charles County, Maryland (La Plata: Charles County Tercentennary Committee, 1958), pp. 52, 192.

[100] Interview with John D. K. Smoot, Arlington, Virginia, January 18, 1979, by Nan Netherton.

[101] Fairfax County, Virginia, Real and Personal Property Tax Assessments, 1854-1900. Virginia State Library, Archives Division.

[102] John Smoot interview, January 18, 1979.

[103] Fairfax County, Virginia, Personal Property Tax Book, 1860. Virginia State Library.

[104] Letter from Dr. Benjamin Franklin Cooling, U. S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, to Mrs. Ross D. Netherton, Fairfax, Virginia, December 5, 1978. Working papers for Salona, Virginia Room, Fairfax County Central Library.

[105] Evan Morrison Woodward, Our Campaign (Philadelphia: J. E. Potter Co., 1865); McLean Providence Journal, February 11, 1977. Although a number of accounts place Julia Ward Howe, wife of Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe, in the vicinity when she received the inspiration to write the words to "The Battle Hymn of the Republic", the account of Mr. A. J. Bloor, assistant secretary of the U. S. Sanitary Commission gives a different version. He and Dr. Howe met Mrs. Howe and her party at Upton's Hill, near Seven Corners, where they observed preparations for General George McClellan's grand review of 70,000 troops. Her poem followed, written that night at the Willard Hotel in Washington. Florence Howe Hall, The Story of the Battle Hymn of the Republic (Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press, reprint 1971), p. 62.

[106] Original memorandum in possession of Susan and Clive DuVal, II, Salona.

[107] Interviews with Smoot family members by the author; Fairfax County Ordinance of Secession, Lewinsville Precinct, #18, May 23, 1861. Fairfax County Courthouse, and copy, Virginia Room, Fairfax County Central Library.

[108] Interview with John D. K. Smoot, January 18, 1979; personal property tax assessments, 1868, 1869, Virginia State Library.

[109] Ibid.

[110] Personal Property Tax Book, 1881. Virginia State Library.

[111] Interviews with members of the Smoot family by the author.

[112] Fairfax County Office of Comprehensive Planning, Fairfax County in Virginia: Selections from Some Rare Sources (Fairfax, Va.: Office of Comprehensive Planning, 1974), pp. 126-127.

[113] Fairfax County, Virginia, Deed Book 635, p. 471; interviews with the Smoot family by the author.