Automobiles

No lengthy treatise on automobiles can be given here, but a few facts of general information are well in order.

Each car has its special features, but the basic principles of operation and control are the same for all makes. Let us consider, first, the control of the machine on the road.

242. Starting the Motor. Open the throttle from one-fourth to one-third way, to permit entry of plenty of gas into the motor. Set the time control about as far down as the throttle. Turn on the ignition switch and turn the motor with the starter.

A cold motor may demand use of the choker before starting, but, again, too free use of the choker floods the carburetor with a rich, non-explosive mixture which can be removed only by use of the starter. Should the motor flood too easily, or should it take too much choking, have the carburetor readjusted. Common mistakes in starting the motor are (1) too free use of the starter, which is injurious to the battery; (2) starting with the timer set too far down, causing back-fire. Occasionally, a novice attempts to start a car with the gears set and the brakes on. With the motor started and running smoothly, shift the gears into low and take off the brake. Let the clutch back gently to prevent the car from starting with a jerk. In shifting gears, the throttle should be kept down to prevent the motor from racing upon releasing the clutch. (3) A common mistake is the attempt to shift gears with the clutch not entirely released. (4) Still another error is the failure to release the brake on starting, resulting in everything from a stalled motor to a stripped gear.

A difficult place to start a car is when stalled on a hill. This is done by holding the machine with the foot brake, throttling the motor with the hand lever, and slowly releasing brake and engaging clutch simultaneously.

243. Driving the Automobile. In driving, many things should be observed. The oil pressure gauge or indicator should be noted from time to time to see that the motor bearings are getting proper lubrication. The speed of the motor should be such that the battery is being charged rather than discharged, as is likewise shown by an indicator on the dash. This is especially important when using lights at night. Keep timer lever in correct place to prevent overheating.

The general rule for driving is—keep to the right side of the road, the only possible exception being when passing a vehicle going in the same direction; then go around on the left.

Stop before crossing railroad tracks, and drive slowly when approaching cross roads. In turning corners to the left, make the turn beyond the center of the cross road. Do not use brakes against the motor—release the clutch. Do not use the brake too forcibly; it will cause injury to rear tires and skidding. On slippery roads, make it a rule to use chains and drive slowly.

244. Care of Car. Under this heading, a few general rules may be given. Do not persist in running a machine when out of order. Never drive when the lubrication system is working imperfectly. Lack of cylinder oil will ruin a motor in a short time. Make it a rule to look at oil gauge before starting. Care of the battery consists largely in keeping it charged and filled to the proper level with distilled water. Tires should be kept inflated at all times. In case of trouble, never run on a flat tire, as it will soon be worthless under such treatment. Never drive a machine while out of order—stop and have repairs or adjustments made.