Manures and the principles of manuring :: APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XXV.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XXV.

NOTE I. (p. 543).

Useful Factors for calculating the Percentage of important Manurial Ingredients
in a Manure into their different Compounds.
(From the 'Transactions of the Highland and Agricultural Society.')

Amount of	Multiplied by	Gives corresponding amount of
Nitrogen	1.214	Ammonia.
Nitrogen	6.3	Albuminoid matter.
Ammonia	.824	Nitrogen.
Ammonia	3.882	Sulphate of ammonia.
Ammonia	3.147	Muriate of ammonia.
Ammonia	3.706	Nitric acid.
Ammonia	5.0	Nitrate of soda.
Potash (anhydrous)	1.85	Sulphate of potash.
Potash (anhydrous)	1.585	Muriate of potash.
Phosphoric acid (anhydrous)	2.183	Phosphate of lime.
Phosphoric acid (anhydrous)	1.4	Biphosphate.
Phosphoric acid (anhydrous)	1.648	Soluble phosphate.
Soluble phosphate	1.325	Phosphate of lime.
Biphosphate	1.566	Phosphate of lime.
Lime	1.845	Phosphate of lime.
Lime	1.786	Carbonate of lime.
Chlorine	1.648	Chloride of sodium.

NOTES II. (p. 545).

Units to be used in determining the Commercial Value of Manures.

For Season 1893.

						Prices per ton,
		Phosphates				March 1893
Items to be valued.	Classes	Dissolved	Undissolved	Ammonia	Potash	From	To
Guanos.
Ichaboe.	Genuine.	—	2/-	16/-	—	250/-	270/-
Peruvian (riddled)	Genuine.	—	2/-	17/6	3/6	230/-	290/-
Scrap manures.
Fish guano.		—	1/5	10/-	—	130/-	150/-
Frey Bentos guano.	a.	—	1/6	11/6	—	150/-	180/-
Bone-meal	a.	—	1/4	10/-	—	105/-	115/-
	b.	—	1/3	9/6	—	100/-	110/-
Steamed bone-flour.	a.	—	1/5	10/-	—	95/-	110/-
Dissolved or
vitriolated bones.		2/6	1/6	11/6	—	95/-	110/-
Superphosphates.		—	1/11	—	—	45/-	60/-
Dissolved compounds.	From	2/-	1/3	10/-	3/4	—	—
	To	2/6	1/9	12/-	3/8	—	—
	Average.	2/3	1/6	11/-	3/6	—	—

Cash Prices of different Manures, March 1893.

NOTE III. (p. 549).

Tables showing relative Manurial Value of Nitrogen and Potash in different Substances.

Wolff, 1893.
Nitrogen in form of ammonia and nitrates, and easily decomposable organic compounds, as dried blood, flesh-meal, meat-meal, Peruvian guano, and as urate	100
Nitrogen in fine steamed bone-meal, fish-guano, oilcakes, and better kinds of artificial guano	85
Nitrogen in fine bone-meal and horn-meal	77
Nitrogen in coarse bones and horn-shavings, woollen refuse, farmyard manure, and poudrette	61
American, 1892.
Nitrogen in ammonia salts	100
Nitrogen as nitrates	86
Nitrogen in dry and fine-ground fish, meat, and blood	91
Nitrogen in cotton-seed meal, and castor pomace	86
Nitrogen in fine bone and tankage	86
Nitrogen in medium bone and tankage	68
Nitrogen in coarser bone and tankage	43
Nitrogen in hair and horn-shavings, and coarse fish scrap	40
Potash as high-grade sulphate, and in forms free from muriates (or chlorides)	100
Potash as muriate	82

Professor Wagner has drawn up, from numerous experiments, the relative manurial values of different nitrogenous manures, which he rates as follows:—

Nitrate of soda	100
Sulphate of ammonia	90
Blood-meal, horn-meal, and green vegetable matter	70
Finely ground steamed bone-meal, fish-meal, and meat-meal guano	60
Farmyard manure	45
Shoddy	30
Leather-meal	20

NOTE IV. (p. 551).

TABLE I.—Average Composition, per cent and per ton, of Cattle-Foods.

		Per Cent.					Per Ton.
				Mineral
		Dry		Matter	Phosphoric			Phosphoric
No	Foods.	Matter.	Nitrogen.	(Ash).	Acid.	Potash.	Nitrogen.	Acid.	Potash.
		per cent.	per cent.	per cent.	per cent.	per cent.	lb.	lb.	lb.
1	Linseed	90.00	3.60	4.00	1.54	1.37	80.64	34.50	30.69
2	Linseed-cake	88.50	4.75	6.50	2.00	1.40	106.40	44.80	31.36
3	Decorticated cotton-cake	90.00	6.60	7.00	3.10	2.00	147.84	69.44	44.80
4	Palm-nut cake	91.00	2.50	3.60	1.20	0.50	56.00	26.88	11.20
5	Undecorticated cotton-cake	87.00	3.75	6.00	2.00	2.00	84.00	44.80	44.80
6	Cocoa-nut-cake	90.00	3.40	6.00	1.40	2.00	76.16	31.36	44.80
7	Rape-cake	89.00	4.90	7.50	2.50	1.50	109.76	56.00	33.60
8	Peas	85.00	3.60	2.50	0.85	0.96	80.64	19.04	21.50
9	Beans	85.00	4.00	3.00	1.10	1.30	89.60	24.64	29.12
10	Lentils	88.00	4.20	4.00	0.75	0.70	94.08	16.80	15.68
11	Tares (seed)	84.00	4.20	2.50	0.80	0.80	94.08	17.92	17.92
12	Indian corn	88.00	1.70	1.40	0.60	0.37	38.08	13.44	8.29
13	Wheat	85.00	1.80	1.70	0.85	0.53	40.32	19.04	11.87
14	Malt	94.00	1.70	2.50	0.80	0.50	38.08	17.92	11.20
15	Barley	84.00	1.65	2.20	0.75	0.55	36.96	16.80	12.32
16	Oats	86.00	2.00	2.80	0.60	0.50	44.80	13.44	11.20
17	Rice-meal*	90.00	1.90	7.50	(0.60)	(0.37)	42.56	(13.44)	(8.29)
18	Locust-beans*	85.00	1.20	2.50	—	—	26.88	—	—
19	Malt-combs	90.00	3.90	8.00	2.00	2.00	87.36	44.80	44.80
20	Fine pollard	86.00	2.45	5.50	2.90	1.46	54.88	64.96	32.70
21	Coarse pollard	86.00	2.50	6.40	3.50	1.50	56.00	78.40	33.60
22	Bran	86.00	2.50	6.50	3.60	1.45	56.00	80.64	32.48
23	Clover-hay	83.00	2.40	7.00	0.57	1.50	53.76	12.77	33.60
24	Meadow-hay	84.00	1.50	6.50	0.40	1.60	33.60	8.96	35.84
25	Pea-straw	82.50	1.00	5.50	0.35	1.00	22.40	7.84	22.40
26	Oat-straw	83.00	0.50	5.50	0.24	1.00	11.20	5.38	22.40
27	Wheat-straw	84.00	0.45	5.00	0.24	0.80	10.08	5.38	17.92
28	Barley-straw	85.00	0.40	4.50	0.18	1.00	8.96	4.03	22.40
29	Bean-straw	82.50	0.90	5.00	0.30	1.00	20.16	6.72	22.40
30	Potatoes	25.00	0.25	1.00	0.15	0.55	5.60	3.36	12.32
31	Carrots	14.00	0.20	0.90	0.09	0.28	4.48	2.02	6.27
32	Parsnips	16.00	0.22	1.00	0.19	0.36	4.93	4.26	8.06
33	Swedish turnips	11.00	0.25	0.60	0.06	0.22	5.60	1.34	4.93
34	Mangel-wurzels	12.50	0.22	1.00	0.07	0.40	4.93	1.57	8.96
35	Yellow turnips*	9.00	0.20	0.65	(0.06)	(0.22)	4.48	(1.34)	(4.93)
36	White turnips	8.00	0.18	0.68	0.05	0.30	4.03	1.12	6.72
* In the case of neither rice-meal, locust-beans, nor yellow turnips have records of ash analyses been found. For rice-meal the same percentages of phosphoric acid and potash as in Indian corn, and for yellow turnips the same as in swedes, are provisionally adopted; but in all the Tables the assumed results are given in parentheses. For locust-beans no figure has been assumed, and the columns are left blank.

NOTE IV.—continued

TABLE II.—Lawes' & Gilbert's Tables for Calculating Unexhausted Value of Manures.

		Fattening		Nitrogen.
		Increase in				In Fattening
		Live Weight				Increase (at
No.	Description	(Oxen or Sheep).		In Food.		1.27 per cent).		In Manure.
	of Food.									Value
			Increase			From	Per cent	Total		of
		Food	per ton			1 ton	of	remaining	Nitrogen	Ammonia
		to 1	of	Per	Per	of	total	for	equal	at 6d.
		Increase	Food.	cent.	ton.	Food.	consumed.	Manure.	Ammonia.	per lb.
			lb.	%	lb.	lb.	%	lb.	lb.	£ s. d.
1	Linseed	5.0	448.0	3.60	80.64	5.69	7.06	74.95	91.0	2 5 6
2	Linseed-cake	6.0	373.3	4.75	106.40	4.74	4.45	101.66	123.4	3 1 8
3	Decorticated cotton-cake	6.5	344.6	6.60	147.84	4.38	2.96	143.46	174.2	4 7 1
4	Palm-nut-cake	7.0	320.0	2.50	56.00	4.06	7.25	51.94	63.1	1 11 7
5	Undecorticated cotton-cake	8.0	280.0	3.75	84.00	3.56	4.24	80.44	97.7	2 8 10
6	Cocoa-nut-cake	8.0	280.0	3.40	76.16	3.56	4.67	72.60	88.2	2 4 1
7	Rape-cake	(10)	(224)	4.90	109.76	2.84	2.59	106.92	129.8	3 4 11
8	Peas	7.0	320.0	3.60	80.64	4.06	5.03	76.58	93.0	2 6 6
9	Beans	7.0	320.0	4.00	89.60	4.06	4.53	85.54	103.9	2 11 11
10	Lentils	7.0	320.0	4.20	94.08	4.06	4.32	90.02	109.3	2 14 8
11	Tares (seed)	7.0	320.0	4.20	94.08	4.06	4.32	90.02	109.3	2 14 8
12	Indian corn	7.2	311.1	1.70	38.08	3.95	10.37	34.13	41.4	1 0 9
13	Wheat	7.2	311.1	1.80	40.32	3.95	9.80	36.37	44.2	1 2 1
14	Malt	7.0	320.0	1.70	38.08	4.06	10.66	34.02	41.3	1 0 8
15	Barley	7.2	311.1	1.65	36.96	3.95	10.69	33.01	40.1	1 0 1
16	Oats	7.5	298.7	2.00	44.80	3.79	8.46	41.01	49.8	1 4 11
17	Rice-meal	7.5	298.7	1.90	42.56	3.79	8.91	38.77	47.1	1 3 6
18	Locust-beans	9.0	248.9	1.20	26.88	3.16	11.76	23.72	28.8	0 14 5
19	Malt-combs	8.0	248.9	3,90	87.36	3.56	4.08	83.80	101.8	2 10 11
20	Fine pollard	7.5	298.7	2.45	54.88	3.79	6.91	51.09	62.0	1 11 0
21	Coarse pollard	8.0	280.0	2.50	56.00	3.50	6.35	52.44	63.7	1 11 10
22	Bran	9.0	248.9	2.50	56.00	3.16	5.64	52.84	64.2	1 12 1
23	Clover-hay	14.0	160.0	2.40	53.76	2.03	3.78	51.73	62.8	1 11 5
24	Meadow-hay	15.0	149.3	1.50	33.60	1.90	5.65	31.70	38.5	0 19 3
25	Pea-straw	16.0	140.0	1.00	22.40	1.78	7.95	20.62	25.0	0 12 6
26	Oat-straw	18.0	124.4	0.50	11.20	1.58	14.11	9.62	11.7	0 5 10
27	Wheat-straw	21.0	106.7	0.45	10.08	1.36	13.49	8.72	10.6	0 5 4
28	Barley-straw	23.0	97.4	0.40	8.96	1.24	13.84	7.72	9.4	0 4 8
29	Bean-straw	22.0	101.8	0.90	20.16	1.29	6.39	18.87	22.9	0 11 6
30	Potatoes	60.0	37.3	0.25	5.60	0.47	8.39	5.13	6.2	0 3 1
31	Carrots	85.7	26.1	0.20	4.48	0.33	7.37	4.15	5.0	0 2 6
32	Parsnips	75.0	29.9	0.22	4.93	0.38	7.71	4.55	5.5	0 2 9
33	Swedish turnips	109.1	20.5	0.25	5.60	0.26	4.64	5.34	6.5	0 3 3
34	Mangel-wurzels	96.0	23.3	0.22	4.93	0.30	6.09	4.63	5.6	0 2 10
35	Yellow turnips	133.3	16.8	0.20	4.48	0.21	4.69	4.27	5.2	0 2 7
36	White turnips	150.0	14.9	0.18	4.03	0.19	4.71	3.84	4.7	0 2 4

NOTE IV.—continued

TABLE II.—continued

		Phosphoric Acid.
				In Fattening
				Increase at
No.	Description	In Food.		(0.86 per cent).		In Manure.
	of Food.
				From	Per cent	Total
				1 ton	of	remaining	Value
		Per	Per	of	total	for	at 3d.
		cent.	ton.	Food.	consumed.	Manure.	per lb.
		%	lb.	lb.	%	lb.	s. d.
1	Linseed	1.54	34.50	3.85	11.16	30.65	7 8
2	Linseed-cake	2.00	44.80	3.21	7.17	41.59	10 5
3	Decorticated cotton-cake	3.10	69.44	2.96	4.26	66.48	16 8
4	Palm-nut-cake	1.20	26.88	2.75	10.23	24.13	6 0
5	Undecorticated cotton-cake	2.00	44.80	2.41	5.38	42.39	10 7
6	Cocoa- nut-cake	1.40	31.36	2.41	7.69	28.95	7 3
7	Rape-cake	2.50	56.00	1.93	3.45	54.07	13 6
8	Peas	0.85	19.04	2.75	14.44	16.29	4 1
9	Beans	1.10	24.64	2.75	11.10	21.89	5 6
10	Lentils	0.75	16.80	2.75	16.37	14.05	3 6
11	Tares (seed)	0.80	17.92	2.75	15.36	15.17	3 9
12	Indian corn	0.60	13.44	2.68	19.94	10.76	2 8
13	Wheat	9.85	19.04	2.68	14.08	16.36	4 1
14	Malt	0.80	17.92	2.75	15.35	15.17	3 9
15	Barley	0.75	16.80	2.68	15.95	14.12	3 6
16	Oats	0.60	13.44	2.57	(19.12)	10.87	2 8
17	Rice-meal	(0.60)	(13.44)	2.57	(19.12)	(10.87)	2 8
18	Locust-beans	—	—	2.14	—	—	—
19	Malt-combs	2.00	44.80	2.41	5.38	42.39	10 7
20	Fine pollard	2.90	64.96	2.57	3.96	62.39	15 7
21	Coarse pollard	3.50	78.40	2.41	3.07	75.99	19 0
22	Bran	3.60	80.64	2.14	2.65	78.50	19 8
23	Clover-hay	0.57	12.77	1.38	10.81	11.39	2 10
24	Meadow-hay	0.40	8.96	1.28	14.28	7.68	1 11
25	Pea-straw	0.35	7.84	1.20	15.31	6.64	1 8
26	Oat-straw	0.24	5.38	1.07	19.89	4.31	1 1
27	Wheat-straw	0.24	5.38	0.92	17.10	4.46	1 1
28	Barley-straw	0.18	4.03	0.84	20.84	3.19	0 9
29	Bean-straw	0.30	6.72	0.88	13.10	5.84	1 5
30	Potatoes	0.15	3.36	0.32	9.52	3.04	0 9
31	Carrots	0.09	2.02	0.22	10.89	1.80	0 5
32	Parsnips	0.19	4.29	0.26	6.10	4.00	1 0
33	Swedish turnips	0.06	1.34	0.18	13.43	1.16	0 4
34	Mangel-wurzels	0.07	1.57	0.20	12.74	1.37	0 4
35	Yellow turnips	(0.06)	(1.34)	0.14	(10.78)	(1.20)	(0 4)
36	White turnips	0.05	1.12	0.13	11.61	0.99	0 3

NOTE IV.—continued

TABLE II.—continued

		Potash.
				In Fattening
				Increase at				Total
No.	Description	In Food.		(0.11 per cent).		In Manure.		original
	of Food.							Manure
				From	Per cent	Total	Value	value
				1 ton	of	remaining	at	per ton
		Per	Per	of	total	for	2-1/2d.	of Food
		cent.	ton.	Food.	consumed.	Manure.	per lb.	consumed.
		%	lb.	lb.	%	lb.	s. d.	£ s. d.
1	Linseed	1.37	30.69	0.49	1.60	30.20	6 3	2 19 5
2	Linseed-cake	1.40	31.36	0.41	1.31	30.95	6 5	3 18 6
3	Decorticated cotton-cake	2.00	44.80	0.38	0.85	44.42	9 3	5 13 0
4	Palm-nut-cake	0.50	11.20	0.35	3.13	10.85	2 3	1 19 10
5	Undecorticated cotton-cake	2.00	44.80	0.31	0.69	44.49	5 11	3 5 4
6	Cocoa- nut-cake	2.00	44.80	0.31	0.69	44.49	9 3	3 0 7
7	Rape-cake	1.50	33.60	0.25	0.74	33.35	6 11	4 5 4
8	Peas	0.96	21.50	0.35	1.63	21.15	4 5	2 15 0
9	Beans	1.30	29.12	0.35	1.20	28.77	6 0	3 3 5
10	Lentils	0.70	15.68	0.35	2.23	15.33	3 2	3 1 4
11	Tares (seed)	0.80	17.92	0.35	1.95	17.57	3 8	3 2 1
12	Indian corn	0.37	8.29	0.34	4.10	7.95	1 8	1 5 1
13	Wheat	0.53	11.87	0.34	2.86	11.53	2 5	1 8 7
14	Malt	0.50	11.20	0.35	3.13	10.85	2 3	1 6 8
15	Barley	0.55	12.32	0.34	2.76	11.98	2 6	1 6 1
16	Oats	0.50	11.20	0.33	2.94	10.87	2 3	1 9 10
17	Rice-meal	(0.37)	(8.29)	0.33	(4.00)	(7.96)	(1 8)	(1 7 10)
18	Locust-beans	—	—	0.27	—	—	—	—
19	Malt-combs	2.00	44.80	0.31	0.69	44.49	9 3	3 10 9
20	Fine pollard	1.46	32.70	0.33	1.01	32.37	6 9	2 13 4
21	Coarse pollard	1.50	33.60	0.31	0.92	33.29	6 11	2 17 9
22	Bran	1.45	32.48	0.27	0.83	32.21	6 8	2 18 5
23	Clover-hay	1.50	33.60	0.18	0.54	33.42	7 0	2 1 3
24	Meadow-hay	1.60	35.84	0.16	0.45	35.68	7 5	1 8 7
25	Pea-straw	1.00	22.40	0.15	0.67	22.25	4 8	0 18 10
26	Oat-straw	1.00	22.40	0.14	0.63	22.26	4 8	1 11 7
27	Wheat-straw	0.80	17.92	0.12	0.67	17.80	3 8	0 10 1
28	Barley-straw	1.00	22.40	0.11	0.49	22.29	4 8	0 10 1
29	Bean-straw	1.00	22.40	0.11	0.49	22.29	4 8	0 17 7
30	Potatoes	0.55	12.32	0.04	0.32	12.28	2 7	0 6 5
31	Carrots	0.28	6.27	0.03	0.48	6.24	1 4	0 4 3
32	Parsnips	0.36	8.06	0.03	0.37	8.03	1 8	0 5 5
33	Swedish turnips	0.22	4.93	0.02	0.41	4.91	1 0	0 4 7
34	Mangel-wurzels	0.40	8.90	0.03	0.34	8.93	1 10	0 5 0
35	Yellow turnips	(0.22)	(4.93)	0.02	(0.34)	(4.91)	(1 0)	(0 3 11)
36	White turnips	0.30	6.72	0.02	0.30	6.70	1 5	0 4 0

Clyx.com