Frederick G. Aflalo CHAP. PAGE Introduction i BOOK I. MAMMALS. I. Apes, Monkeys, and Lemurs 1 II. The Cat Tribe 33 III. The Fossa, Civets, and Ichneumons 74 IV. The HyÆnas and Aard-wolf 80 V. The Dog Family 84 VI. The Bears 114 VII. The Smaller Carnivora 125 VIII. Marine Carnivora: The Seals, Sea-lions, and Walrus 136 IX. The Rodents, or Gnawing Animals 146 X. The Bats and Insect-eating Mammals 165 XI. The Elephant, Tapir, Hyrax, and Rhinoceros 172 XII. The Horse Tribe 189 XIII. The Hollow-horned Ruminants: Oxen, Bison, Buffaloes, and Musk-ox 207 XIV. The Sheep and Goats 221 XV. The Antelopes 239 XVI. The Giraffe and Okapi 264 XVII. The Deer Tribe 271 XVIII. The Camel Tribe and the Chevrotains 302 XIX. The Pig and Hippopotamus 310 XX. The Dugong, Manatees, Whales, Porpoises, and Dolphins 327 XXI. The Sloths, Ant-eaters, and Armadillos 336 XXII. Marsupials and Monotremes 344 COLOURED PLATES. Ocelot from Central America Facing page i The largest Gorilla ever captured "" 8 African Lion and Lioness "" 33 Wolf from Central Europe "" 65 Himalayan Black Bear "" 97 Raccoon "" 129 Chapman's Zebras "" 161 Highland Cattle "" 193 Female Kudu "" 225 Northern Giraffe "" 257 Fallow Deer "" 289 A Hippopotamus gaping "" 321 The Great Kangaroo "" 353 ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT. A young male Chacma Baboon	21
Head of male Mandrill	22
Brown Capuchin	22
Drill	22
Red Howler Monkey	23
A Spider Monkey	23
Patas Monkey	24
Wanderoo Monkey	24
Common Squirrel Monkey	25
Black-eared Marmoset	26
Humboldt's Woolly Monkey	26
Pig-tailed Monkey catching a fly	27
Ringed-tailed Lemur	28
A Dwarf Lemur	28
Black Lemur	29
Coquerel's Lemur	29
Ruffed Lemur	29
Garnett's Galago	30
Maholi Galago	30
Slender Loris	31
Slow Loris	31
Tarsier	32
Head of Aye-aye	32
African Lion	33
An Unwilling Pupil	33
Lioness aroused	34
Algerian Lioness	35
A Foster-mother	36
A performing Lion	36
Lioness and Cub	36
A young Lioness	37
A Happy Family	38
A cross between Lion and Tigress	38
A hungry Lion	39
Lioness and Tiger	40
Tigress	41
Tiger Cub	42
A Royal Tiger	42
A Tiger before sleeping	43
A half-grown Tiger Cub	44
Tigers in Italy	45
A Leopard-puma Hybrid	46
Leopards	46
A young Leopard	47
Snow-leopard, or Ounce	48
Cheeta	49
Jaguar	50
Puma	50
Female Puma	51
Ocelot	52
Ocelot from Central America	53
Clouded Leopard	54
Fishing-cat	54
Marbled Cat	54
Golden Cat	55
Pampas-cat	56
Eyra Cat	56
Bay Cat	56
Kaffir Cat	57
African Chaus, or Jungle-cat	57
Serval	58
Male Serval	59
Serval climbing	60
European Wild Cat	61
Scotch Wild Cats	62
Lynx	63
European Lynx	64
Canadian Lynx	64
Cheetas	65
A Cheeta hooded	66
A Cheeta on the look-out	67
Domestic Cats:
White Short-haired	68
Long-haired White	68
Mackerel-marked Tabby	69
Cat carrying Kitten	69
Blue Long-haired, or Persian	69
Smoke and Blue Long-haired	69
Orange Tabby	69
Long-haired Tabby	69
Silver Persian	69
Smoke Long-haired, or Persian	69
Short-haired Blue	70
Silver Tabby	70
Short-haired Tabby	71
Long-haired Orange	71
Manx	72
Siamese	72
Blue Long-haired, or Persian	72
Silver Persians	72
Long-haired Chinchilla	73
The "Bun" or "Ticked" Short-haired Cat	73
Fossa	74
Large Indian Civet	74
African Civet	75
African Civet	76
Sumatran Civet	76
Genet	77
Two-spotted Palm-civet	78
Masked Palm-civet	78
Binturong	79
Mongoose	79
Meercat	80
Spotted HyÆna	81
Spotted HyÆna	81
Striped HyÆna	82
Aard-wolf	82
Young Grey Wolf	83
A growing Cub	84
Wolf Cubs	85
White Wolf	86
Prairie-wolf, or Coyote	86
The Wolf with privy paw	87
Russian Wolf	88
A Wolf of the Carpathians	89
Indian Wolf	90
Wolf's head	90
Russian Wolf	91
North African Jackal	92
Indian Jackal	92
Maned Wolf	93
Turkish Jackal	93
Wild Dog	94
Dingo	94
Dingoes	95
Cape Hunting-dog	96
Fox Cubs	97
Mountain-fox	98
Leicestershire Fox	98
Too difficult!	99
Arctic Fox (In summer; Changing his coat; In winter)	100
Fennec-fox	100
Domestic Dogs:
Stag-hound Puppies	101
Greyhound	102
Retriever	103
Blood-hound	104
English Setter	104
Smooth-coated Saint Bernard	104
Great Dane	105
Dachshund	105
Dalmatians	106
Newfoundland	106
Bull-dogs	107
Old English Sheep-dog	108
Mastiff	108
Deer-hound	109
Pointer	109
Skye Terrier	109
Corded Poodle	109
Pomeranian	109
Scottish Terrier	109
Maltese Toy Terrier	109
Butterfly-dog	109
Her Majesty Queen Alexandra, with Chow and Japanese Spaniels	110
Sand-dog	110
Pug and Pekinese Spaniel	111
Fox-terrier	111
Blenheim and Prince Charles Spaniels	112
Pariah Puppies	112
Common Brown Bear	113
An inviting attitude	114
Three performing Bears	114
European Brown Bear	115
Syrian Bear	116
Large Russian Brown Bear	116
American Black Bear	117
Young Syrian Bear from the Caucasus	118
A Brown Bear in search of insects	119
Polar Bears	120
Two Polar Bears and a Brown Bear	121
Polar Bear	122
Half-grown Polar Bears	123
The Ice-bear's couch	124
Common Raccoon	125
Raccoon	125
Great Panda	126
Kinkajou	127
Young Otters	127
Two tame Otters	128
Sea-otter	128
A Skunk	129
A Badger in the water	129
European Badger	130
Ratel	131
Pine-marten	132
Polecat	133
Himalayan Weasel	133
Common Stoat (In summer and winter coats)	134
Glutton	134
Californian Sea-lions, or Eared Seals	135
Steller's Sea-lion	136
Sea-lion	137
Sea-lion	138
Female Walrus	139
Male Walrus	140
Walrus and Sea-lion	141
Grey Seal	142
Grey Seal	143
Harp-seal	144
Sea-elephant	145
Capybara	146
Flying-squirrel	146
Flying-squirrel	147
Dorsal Squirrel from Central America	148
Asiatic Chipmunks	148
Red-footed Ground-squirrel	149
Black Fox-squirrel	149
Long-tailed Marmot	150
Prairie-dogs, or Marmots	151
American Beaver	152
Beaver	153
Beaver	154
Musk-rat	154
Gambian Pouched Rat	155
Pocket-gopher	156
Long-eared Jerboa	157
Cape Jumping-hare	157
Octodont	158
Coypu	158
Short-tailed Hutia	159
Porcupine	159
Porcupine	160
Viscacha	160
Chinchilla	161
Agutis	161
Paca, or Spotted Cavy	162
Pacas, or Spotted Cavies	162
Patagonian Cavy	163
Wood-hare	163
Wild Rabbits	164
Australian Fruit-bat, or "Flying-fox"	165
Australian Fruit-bat	166
Tube-nosed Fruit-bat	166
Pipistrelle Bat	167
Leaf-nosed Bat	167
Cobego	168
Cobego	169
Cobego asleep	170
Three baby Hedgehogs	170
Common Mole	171
Golden Mole	171
A fine Tusker	172
A young Indian Elephant	173
The Chief of Chiengmai's Carriage	174
Timber-elephants	175
Female Indian Elephant dragging teak	176
Indian Elephants bathing	177
African Elephant	178
Male African Elephant drinking	179
Malayan Tapir	180
Common American Tapir	181
Hairy-eared Sumatran Rhinoceros	182
Great Indian Rhinoceros	183
Great Indian Rhinoceros	184
Black African Rhinoceroses	185
One of the same Rhinoceroses dead	185
Rhinoceros bathing	186
Black African Rhinoceros	187
Sumatran Rhinoceros	188
Mountain-zebra	189
Grevy's Zebra	190
Burchell's Zebra at home	191
The Hon. Walter Rothschild's team of Zebras	192
Burchell's Zebra, Chapman's variety	193
Mare and Foal of Burchell's Zebra	194
Burchell's Zebra	194
Zebras on Table Mountain	195
Quagga	195
Baluchi Wild Ass	196
Male Kiang	197
Yearling Arab Colts	198
Arab Mare	199
Arab Mares and Foals	200
Percheron Horse	201
Hackney and Foal	201
Ladas	202
Florizel II.	202
Shetland Pony and Foal	203
Champion Shire Stallion	203
Shire Mare and Foal	204
Welsh Pony	204
Polo-pony	205
Donkey	205
Egyptian Donkeys	206
Mules	206
English Park-cattle	207
English Park Bull	208
Calf of English Park-cattle	208
Jersey Cow	209
Spanish Cattle	209
Young Gaur	210
Cow Gayal	211
Indian Humped Bull	212
Indian Humped Cattle	213
Domesticated Yak	214
American bull Bison	215
European Bison	216
American Bison	217
Cape Buffalo	218
Domesticated Indian Buffalo	218
A pair of Anoas	219
Young bull Musk-ox	220
Young Barbary Sheep	221
Siberian Argali	222
Barbary Sheep	223
Barbary Sheep	223
Burhal Wild Sheep	224
Punjab Sheep	225
Fat-tailed Sheep	225
Four-horned Sheep	226
South Down Sheep	226
Merino Rams	227
Black-faced Mountain-sheep	228
Leicester Ewe	228
Cross-bred Sheep	229
Lonk Ram	230
Welsh Ewes	230
Female Angora Goat	231
Angora Ram	231
British Goat	232
Female Toggenburg Goat	233
Stud Toggenburg Goat	233
Schwartzals Goat	234
Male Alpine Ibex	235
Young male Alpine Ibex	235
Nubian Goat	236
Italian Goat	237
Rocky Mountain Goat	238
Himalayan Tahr and young	238
Bubalino Hartebeest	239
Biesbok	240
White-tailed Gnu and Calf	240
A cow Brindled Gnu	241
Red-flanked Duiker	241
Klipspringer	242
Sing-sing Waterbuck	243
Mountain Reedbuck	244
Male Impala, or Palla	244
Male Saiga Antelopes	245
Arabian Gazelle	246
Goitred Gazelles from Mesopotamia	247
Speke's Gazelle	248
Gazelles from Egypt	248
Red-fronted Gazelle	249
Red-fronted Gazelle (another view)	249
Male Springbuck	250
Sable Antelope	251
Roan Antelope	252
Male of Grant's Gazelle	252
Group of Beisa Oryx	253
White Oryx	254
Beisa Oryx	254
Gerenuk	255
Female Nilgai	256
Addax	256
A pair of young Prongbucks	257
Female Goral	258
Harnessed Antelope	258
Male Kudu	259
Eland	260
Eland Cows	261
Bull Eland	262
The Southern Giraffe	263
Southern Giraffe lying down	264
Male Southern Giraffe	265
A Giraffe grazing	266
A Giraffe browsing	267
Male and female Giraffes	268
The Okapi of the Congo Forest	269
Head of Okapi	270
Scandinavian Reindeer	271
Woodland Caribou	272
Immature Scandinavian Elk	273
Female American Elk, or Moose	274
Park Red Deer	275
An Asiatic Wapiti	276
American Wapiti	277
American Wapiti	278
American Wapiti	279
Altai Wapiti	280
Manchurian Wapiti calling	281
An Axis Hind	282
A stag Axis, or Indian Spotted Deer	283
A Spotted Oriental Deer	284
A young Fallow Buck of the Brown Breed	285
A Sambar Stag	286
Formosan Sika Stag	287
Javan Rusa Stag	287
Hog-deer	288
Young male Swamp-deer	289
Indian Muntjac	290
Young male Chinese Water-deer	290
Male Siberian Roe	291
Female Siberian Roe	291
Siberian Roebuck	292
Female European Roe Deer	293
PÈre David's Deer	294
Group of Virginian Deer (two bucks, four does)	295
A Mule-deer Fawn	296
Virginian Deer	297
Mule-deer Stag	298
Young Marsh-deer	299
Young Himalayan Musk-deer	300
The Camel-plough, used in Algiers	301
A White Camel	302
Arabian Camel	302
A Camel	303
A string of Camels near Port Said	303
Head of Bactrian Camel	304
An old male Bactrian Camel	305
Bactrian Camel	306
Young Bactrian Camel	306
Guanaco	307
Llamas	308
Llama	309
Alpaca	309
A Domesticated Sow and her Progeny	310
Wild Boar	311
Diving-pigs	312
Javan Wild Pig	313
Male and female Babirusa	313
Wart-hog	314
Ælian's Wart-hog	314
Head of male Wart-hog	315
Collared Peccary	316
A young Collared Peccary	317
A three-year-old Hippopotamus	318
Hippopotamus drinking	319
Hippopotamus bathing	320
Baby Hippopotamus, aged six months	321
Dental operations on a Hippopotamus	322, 323
Female Hippopotamuses	324
A Hippopotamus Family—father, mother, and young	324
Hippopotamus	325
Male and female Hippopotamuses	326
Dugong	327
American Manatee	328
Narwhal	329
Grampus, or Killer	330
Short-beaked River-dolphin	331
Sowerby's Beaked Whale	332
Common Porpoise	333
Elliott's Dolphin	334
Risso's Dolphin	334
Bottle-nosed Dolphin	335
Heavyside's Dolphin	335
Northern Two-toed Sloth	336
Three-toed Sloth	337
The Great Ant-eater	338
Tamandua Ant-eater	339
Two-toed Ant-eater	340
Weasel-headed Armadillo	341
Hairy-rumped Armadillo	341
Peba Armadillo	341
Kapplers' Armadillo	341
Cape Aard-vark	342
The Great Grey Kangaroo	343
Silver-grey Kangaroo	344
Black-striped Wallaby	345
Bennett's Wallaby and the Great Grey Kangaroo	345
Albino Red Kangaroos	346
Tasmanian Wallaby	347
Albino Red-bellied Wallaby	348
Rock-wallaby	349
Parry's Wallaby	350
Parry's Wallaby	350
Foot of Tree-kangaroo	351
Brown Tree-kangaroo	352
Tree-kangaroos	353
Gaimard's Rat-kangaroo	354
Rat-kangaroo from New South Wales	354
Koala, or Australian Native Bear, and Cub	355
Koala, or Australian Native Bear	356
Koala, or Australian Native Bear	357
Squirrel-like Flying-phalanger of Victoria	358
Larger Flying-phalanger	359
Lesser Flying-phalanger	360
Pygmy Flying-phalanger	361
Common Grey Opossum, or Phalanger	362
Australian Grey Opossum, or Phalanger	363
Front view of Grey Opossum, or Phalanger	364
Profile view of Grey Opossum, or Phalanger	364
Ring-tailed Opossum, or Phalanger, and nest	365
Spotted Cuscus	366
Common Wombat	367
Hairy-nosed Wombat	368
Common Wombat	369
Long-nosed Australian Bandicoot	370
Rabbit-bandicoot	371
Pouched Mole	372
Under surface of Pouched Mole	372
Tasmanian Wolf	373
Tasmanian Wolf	373
Tasmanian Devil	374
Spotted Dasyures, or Australian Native Cats	375
Brush-tailed Pouched Mouse, or Phascogale	376
Banded Ant-eater	377
Yapock, or Water-opossum	378
Young Opossum (natural size)	379
Woolly American Opossum	380
Common or Virginian Opossum	381
Echidna, or Ant-eating Porcupine	382
Tasmanian Echidna, or Porcupine Ant-eater	383
Duck-billed Platypus	384

N.B.—The photograph of dolphins on page v was inadvertently attributed to Mr. F. G. Aflalo. The name of the photographer should have been Mr. T. Limberg, who kindly gave permission for his capital snap-shot to be reproduced in these pages.