n, 115, 116; Ojibway, 127; Western Cree, 132; fur-trade, 140, 141, 146, 147; narrow-bottom, 158; kayak-form, 161; sturgeon-nose, 173 bull-boat, 220 butternut bark, 213 camber (rocker of bottom), 28, 37, 38, 41 (see also rocker) canoe, birch bark, Adney on, 4 ff.; scale models of, 4, 5; plans of, 5, 6; speed of, 7, 29, 137; origin of name, 13; requirements for, 27; types, 27; forms discussed, 27-36 ff., 59 (see also under tribal types); tribal classification, 27 ff. (see under tribal names); effects of bark characteristics on, 29 ff.; construction discussed, 36-57 (see also under tribal types); compared with Eskimo skin boat, 193 elm bark, 212, 219 hickory bark, 213, 217 skin, 219-221; moosehide, 72, 219; temporary, 219-221 spruce bark, 132, 158, 212, 213, 216 temporary, 219-221 canoe awl, 21 canoe birch (see under bark) canoe brigade, 152 canoe building, Trois RiviÈres factory, 13, 135, 136; for fur trade, 135, 136, 146 ff.; 148 ff.; at Hudson's Bay Company Posts, 151 canoe ends, details of construction, 34, 35, 36; Micmac, 58, 59; Malecite, 70, 158; dimensions, 158; kayak-form, 166, 167 chisel, 23 Christopherson, L. A. (Hudson's Bay Company Factor), 145, 146; on fur-trade canoe construction, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151 Chukchi umiak, 182, 183, 188; kayak, 195 cockpit, kayak, 175, 176, 192, 195 ff., 197, 199, 200, 204, 205, 208, 211 Coffin, Samuel, 95 Collins, Henry B. (Bureau of American Ethnology), 174 Colliers (magazine), 4 construction methods, Malecite, 36-57, 72-74; Micmac, 58, 59-64; St. Francis, 90-93; Beothuk, 96-98; Eastern Cree, 104-106; TÊtes de Boule, 108-112; Algonkin, 115-122; Ojibway, 125, 127 ff.; Western Cree, 132, 133; fur-trade, 146-151; narrow-bottom, 155 ff.; kayak-form, 160 ff.; sturgeon-nose, 168-172; umiak, 176 ff., 182, 184-187; kayak, 192-194; temporary canoes, 212-218; temporary skin boats, 218-220 Copper Eskimo kayak, 204 Coppermine River, 155 coracle, 176 Coronation Gulf, 193, 204 Coronation Gulf kayak, 204 cottonwood bark, 15 Cowassek (Coosuc; Indian tribe), 88 Crantz, David (missionary), 190, 223 Cree Indians, central, 34
" class="pginternal">154 Harper's Weekly, 4 Harper's Young People Magazine, 4 harpoon (hunting weapon), 194 headboard, 35, 36; support, 35, 61; making and fitting, 52; Micmac, 61; Malecite, 74, 78, 79; St. Francis, 89; Eastern Cree, 101; TÊtes de Boule, 109, 110; Algonkin, 113, 119; Ojibway, 123, 125, 127; fur-trade, 150; narrow-bottom, 155, 157; umiak, 182, 184, 186, 189, 190; post used as, 217 Hearne, Samuel (explorer), 155, 164 Heath, John, 174, 175, 194, 199, 223 Hecla Strait, 204 Henry, Jr., Alexander, 13 hickory bark, 15, 213 Hill, Frederick (Director, Mariners' Museum), 4 hogged bottom (center upcurved lengthwise), 30, 161, 162, 164, 165, 168 hogged gunwale, 55, 59, 62, 63 hogging brace, umiak, 188 hot water, use of in bending wood, 20, 117 Howley, James Patrick, 95, 96 Hudson Bay, 5, 181, 182, 189, 191 Hudson Strait, 182, 191, 202, 205 Hudson's Bay Company, 4, 163; hunting, 165; British Columbia, 165; family, 165, 166; keel, 166; Chipewyan, 166, 167 keel, Beothuk canoe, 96, 97, 98; kayak-form canoe, 166; kayak, 192 keelson, umiak, 184, 186, 188; kayak, 192, 195, 200, 202, 204, 206, 211 keg (in fur trade), 142 Kennebec Indians, 70 King Island kayak, 194, 199, 200 King Island umiak, 187 Kipewa Post (Hudson's Bay Company), 151 knife, stone, 19; crooked, 21, 23 Kodiak Island, 181, 192 Kodiak Island kayak, 195, 196, 197, 199 Koryak umiak, 182, 189 Koryak kayak, 192, 195 Kotzebue Sound, 188, 200; kayak, 200 Krusenstern, Cape, 200, 204 Krusenstern kayak, 200, 204 Kutenai (Kootenay) Indians, 168, 172 Labrador, 99, 191, 192, 205, 206 Labrador kayak, 205, 206 Laet, Joann de, 94 LaFiteau, 12, 215 LaHontan, Baron de, 8, 10, 215 larch, splitting qualities, 17 La Salle, Robert Cavalier de, 8 lashing, canoe gunwale, 197 seal, bearded, 188, 195 Sekani Indians, kayak-form canoe, 159 setting up canoe (on building bed), 37, 38, 40, 44, 45 Seton, Ernest Thompson, 4 sewing (stitching, lashing), 15, 29, 30; on building bed, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 49, 50; Micmac, 63; Malecite, 79; St. Francis Abnaki, 91; Eastern Cree, 101; TÊtes de Boule, 108, 109; Algonkin, 120; rawhide, 132, 158; narrow-bottom, 158; kayak-form, 162; sturgeon-nose, 168; skin cover, 186, 188, 190; kayak, 193, 194, 196; temporary canoe, 220 Sharp, Minnie Bell (Mrs. Edwin Tappan Adney), 4 Sharpie (boat type), 191, 206, 208 shaving horse (tool), 22 sheathing, 19, 73, 77; fitting of, 32 ff., 51, 52; Malecite, 50, 51, 75; Micmac, 63, 64; St. Francis, 90; Eastern Cree, 105; TÊtes de Boule, 110; Algonkin, 121, 122; fur-trade, 149; narrow-bottom, 158; sturgeon-nose, 168, 172; temporary canoe, 218, 220 sheer (rise in lengthwise line of gunwale), 38, 40; fitting of ends, 32, 56; location, 32, 37, 40; supporting on building bed, 46, 47; Micmac, 61, 62; St. Francis, 90; Eastern Cree, 101; TÊtes de Boule, 110; Algonkin, 117, 121; Ojibway, 127; Western Cree, 132; fur-trade, 147, 150; narrow-bottom, 158; kayak-form, 160, 162, 166, 167; sturgeon-nose, 169; umiak, 182, 187; kayak, 195 ff., 199, 208; rough construction of, 213, 216; temporary skin canoe, 219 Timagami (Ontario), Lake, 125, 131, 151 tomahawk, 21 tongs, wooden, 20 topsail, umiak, 183 Tonti, Chevalier Henri de, 8 tools, primitive, 17-20; modern, 20-24 tree felling, 18 treenail, 190, 192 Trois RiviÈres, 13 tumble-home (incurving of upper sides of canoe), Micmac, 60; Malecite, 73, 75, 78 tump line, 122, 143 Two Mountains, Lake of, 113 Umiak, Eskimo, 174, 181-190; qualities, 175, 176, 178; use, 175, 176; design, 176, 178, 182-183; compared with curragh, 176, 178; skin cover, U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973 O—491-230 |
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