jugular. Relating to the throat or neck.

juice. Tissue fluid of a plant or animal.

jute. Fiber used in surgical dressings.

juxta. Prefix; meaning close to or next.

K

kalium. Latin for potassium.

kaolin. Fuller’s earth; used as a poultice with glycerin.

karyokinesis. Indirect nuclear division, mitosis.

keratin. A scleroprotein present in skin appendages, hair, nails, etc.

keratitis. Inflammation of the cornea.

kerato. A prefix denoting horny tissue or cells.

keratodermia. Hypertrophy of horny layer of epidermis.

keratosis. Circumscribed over-growths of horny layer of skin.

kinetic. Relating to motion or to muscular movements.

kneading. To work and press into a mass.

knee. Articulation between femur and tibia covered in front by the patella.

knee-jerk. Patellar reflex.

L

lacerated. Torn.

lacuna. A small gap or hollow space.

lacuna, osseous. A space in the Haversian system occupied by bone-corpuscle.

lacunar resorption. Absorption of lacunae.

lamella. One of the plates forming the Haversian system of bone.

lancet. A surgical knife with a two-edged blade.

lancinating. A sharp, cutting pain.

Lassar’s paste. An ointment containing salicylic acid, talcum and zinc oxide.

laughing gas. Nitrous oxide gas.

lead and opium wash. See Wash.

leucemia. A disease of the blood marked by persistent leucocytosis.

leucocyte. White blood corpuscle or a white cell.

leucocytosis. An increase in the number of white cells in the blood.

leukos. White, as in leucocyte, a white blood cell.

ligament. A band or sheet of fibrous tissue connecting two or more bones, cartilages or other structures or serving as support for fasciae or muscle.

ligature. A thread or the like tied about a blood vessel or other structure to constrict it.

linimentum. Liniment. A medicament in alcohol, oil or water, applied by friction to the skin.

lint. A soft absorbent material used in surgical dressings.

lipoma. A fatty tumor.

liquor. Solution of a nonvolatile substance.

listerine. Trade name of a solution containing boric acid, benzoic acid, thymol and other substances.

Lister’s method. Antiseptic surgery.

lith. Stone, as in lithology, the branch of medical science, relating to calculi or concretions.

litter. A stretcher for carrying the sick or wounded.

locomotor ataxia (tabes dorsalis). Hardening of the posterior columns, ganglia, roots and peripheral nerves of the spinal cord.

logos. Treatise, as in Pathology, a branch of medical science which treats of disease in all its relations.

lotio. Latin for lotion or wash.

luetic. Syphilitic.

luetin test. A skin test for the diagnosis of syphilis.

lumen. The space in the interior of a tubular structure, such as an artery.

lunula. The opaque, whitish, semi-lunar area near the root of the nail.

lymph. A clear yellow fluid found in the lymph spaces or lymphatic vessels of the body.

lymphangioma. New formation of lymphatic vessels.

lymphangitis. Inflammation of lymphatic vessels.

lymphoma. A tumor of lymphoid tissue.

lysis. Solution, as in analysis, the breaking up of a chemical compound into its simpler elements. Also the gradual subsidence of symptoms in a disease as distinguished from crisis.

lysol. Trade name of a mixture of soaps and phenols; used as a disinfectant.

M

macrococcus. A large unicellular microorganism.

macros. Large, as in macroscopic, an object visible to the naked eye.

macula. Spot, as in macular, relating to or marked by macules, or spotted.

magnesium sulphate. Epsom salts; a purgative.

malignant. Resistant to treatment and tending to grow.

malleolus. A process of bone the shape of the head of a hammer.

mania. Frenzy, as in megalomania, a delusion of grandeur.

manifestation. Clear to the eye or to the mind.

manus. Hand, as in manual, relating to or performed with the hands.

marrow. The soft substance filling the medullary cavities and cancellous extremities of the long bones.

massage. A scientific method of manipulating the body by rubbing, pinching, kneading, tapping, etc.

matrix. The formative portion of a nail or of a tooth.

measles. An acute exanthematous disease.

medullary. Relating to the medulla or marrow.

membrane. A layer of tissue covering a part or connecting two structures.

mercury. Quicksilver.

metastasis. A change in the seat of disease.

metatarsalgia. Pain in the metatarsus.

metatarsophalangeal. Relating to the metatarsal bones and the phalanges.

meter. Measure, as in meter, a measure of length, the equivalent of 39.3 inches.

microbe. A minute one-celled microorganism.

micrococcus. A genus of schizomycetes.

microorganism. A minute living body.

miliary. Like millet seeds, in size.

molecular. Pertaining to molecules.

molecule. The smallest possible unit of existence of any substance.

morphine. The chief narcotic principle of opium.

mortification. Death; gangrene.

mucous. Relating to mucous as in mucous membrane.

mucus. A clear viscid secretion of a mucous membrane, mucilagenous in character.

mummification. Dry gangrene.

myeloma. A tumor due to hyperplasia of the bone marrow.

myoma. A muscular tumor.

myxoma. A tumor of stellate or polyhedral cells in a matrix of mucin.

N

naevus (nevus). A congenital mark or discolored patch of the skin.

nail (unguis). The horny plate covering the distal end of the terminal phalanx of each finger and toe.

naphthalan. A gelatinous mixture employed as a protective dressing in burns and in skin diseases.

narcosis. Stupor or general anesthesia produced by some narcotic drug.

nascent. Beginning; incipient.

necrosis. Death of a circumscribed portion of tissue.

neoplasm. A new growth; a tumor.

neosalvarsan. A modified salvarsan: No. 914.

nephritis. Inflammation of the kidney.

nerve. A whitish cord made up of nerve fibres.

neuralgia. Pain in a nerve.

neurasthenia. Nerve exhaustion.

neuritic. Relating to neuritis.

neuritis. Nerve inflammation.

neuroma. Nerve tumor.

neuron. Nerve cell, as in neuritis, inflammation of a nerve.

neutralize. To render ineffective.

node. A knob; a circumscribed swelling.

nostrum. A quack remedy.

novocaine. A synthetic local anesthetic.

noxious. Injurious; harmful.

nucleus. The essential part of a typical cell and the controlling centre of its activity.

O

obliteration. Extinction.

official (in pharmacy). Authoritative; standard.

oid. Like, as in lymphoid, resembling or like lymph.

oil. A liquid of fatty consistency, insoluble in water and inflammable. Examples: camphorated oil, carbolic oil, carron oil, linseed oil, oil of turpentine, sweet oil, sesame oil, tar oil.

ointment. A soft, fatty, medicated mixture.

onychauxis. Enlargement of finger or of toe nails.

onychia. Inflammation of the matrix with suppuration and shedding of the nail.

onychocryptosis. Ingrowing toe-nail.

onycholysis. Loosening or shedding of the nails.

onychomalacia. Loss or absence of nail rigidity.

onychomycosis. Any parasitic disease of the nails.

onychophag. One whose habit it is to bite his finger-nails.

onychophagy. Nail-biting.

onychoptosis. Falling off of the nails.

onychorrhexis. Abnormal brittleness of the nails.

onyx. A finger nail or a toe nail.

onyxis. Ingrowing toe-nail.

opisthotonos. Spasmodic rigidity of the body in which the trunk is thrown backward and arched upward.

oral. Relating to the mouth.

organic. Pertaining to or having organs, exhibiting animal or vegetable characteristics.

orthoform. A white, odorless, crystalline powder; employed as a local anesthetic and antiseptic in burns, ulcers, etc.

orthopedics. That branch of surgery which treats of chronic diseases of the joints and spine and the correction of deformities. (See chiropodial orthopedics.)

os (plural ossa). Bone.

osis. Full of, as in tuberculosis, a specific disease caused by the presence of the bacillus tuberculosis.

osseous. Bony.

osmidrosis. Bromidrosis; the excretion of perspiration of a strong odor.

ossification. The formation of bone.

osteitis. Inflammation of bone.

osteoclast. A polynuclear cell concerned in the absorption of bone.

osteogenetic. The development and formation of bone.

osteoma. A bony tumor.

osteomalacia. Softening of the bone.

osteomyelitis. Inflammation of the bone marrow or of both marrow and bone.

ous. Full of, as in fibrous, full of or composed of fibres.

oxygen. A gaseous element, the most widely distributed. Essential to animal and plant life; symbol O.

ozone. A modified form of oxygen.

P

pachylosis. Thick, dry and abnormal quality of skin which cracks into scales of irregular form.

pack. The process of enveloping a patient in a wet sheet or blanket. Cold pack: in sheets wrung out of water; hot pack: in sheets wrung out of hot water; dry pack: in dry warmed blankets, etc.

pachyacria. Bulbous thickening of the extremities of the fingers or toes.

pachydermia. Thick skin; elephantiasis.

palliative. Mitigating; lessening the severity.

palm. The flat of the hand.

palpation. Exploration with the hand.

panidrosis. Sweating from all parts of the skin.

papilla. Any small nipple-like process.

papilloma. A growth of hypertrophied papillae of the skin.

papule. A small circumscribed elevation of the skin, containing no fluid. A pimple.

paralysis. Loss of power of voluntary movement in a muscle through injury or disease of nerve supply.

parasite. An organism that inhabits another organism and obtains nourishment from it.

paresis. General paralysis of the insane or dementia paralytics. A condition thought to be due to a chronic meningitis.

paresthesia. An abnormal spontaneous sensation such as of numbness, burning, pricking, tingling, etc.

parenchyma. The specific tissues of a gland or organ.

paronychia. Felon, whitlow. Inflammation of the structures in the distal phalanx of the finger.

patella. Kneecap.

pathogenic. Causing disease.

pathology. That branch of medicine which treats of disease and the changes in the tissues of the body caused by disease.

pathy. Suffering, or disease as in Homeopathy—disease, the quality of being treated by likes.

pedicure. One who attends the feet, cosmetically.

per. Through, as in peripheral, away from the centre; the outer part of or surface.

peri. A Greek prefix meaning around or about.

peridental. Surrounding a tooth or part of a tooth.

periosteum. The fibrous membrane investing the surface of bones except at the point of tendinous and ligimentous attachment, and on the particular surfaces where cartilage is substituted.

periostitis. Inflammation of the periosteum.

periphery. The part of a body away from the centre; the outer part or surface, as of a bone or of a nerve.

peritoneum. The sac lining the abdominal cavity and covering most of the viscera therein contained.

perivascular. Surrounding a blood-vessel.

peroxid. An oxid with the highest amount of oxygen.

phagocyte. A cell possessing the property of ingesting bacteria or other foreign particles.

phagocytosis. The destruction of microbes by the action of phagocytes.

phalanx. One of the long bones of the fingers or toes.

phenol. Carbolic acid.

phlebitis. Inflammation of a vein.

phlegmon. Acute suppurative inflammation of subcutaneous tissue.

physiology. The science which deals with the functions of living things.

picric acid. A combination of carbolic and nitric acids.

pigment. An organic coloring matter.

plantalgia. Pain on the sole of the foot.

plantar. Relating to the sole of the foot.

plaque. A flat patch or area on the skin or mucous membrane.

plasia. Moulding, as in hypoplasia. defective development.

plaster-of-Paris. Calcium sulphate.

plastic. Capable of being moulded.

plegia. Stroke, as in hemiplegia, paralysis of one side of the body and of the opposite side of the face.

plethoric. Relating to overfilled blood-vessels.

pleura. The serous membrane enveloping the lungs.

plexus. A new network of nerves or veins.

podagra. Gout, especially, typical gout in the great toe.

podagral. Gouty, relating to or suffering from gout.

podalic. Relating to the foot, as in podalgia, pain in the foot, podarthritis, inflammation of any of the tarsal or metatarsal joints.

podiatrist. One who treats diseases and disorders of the feet.

podobromidrosis. Fetid or foul smelling perspiration of the feet.

pododynia. Pain in the foot or podalgia.

podology. A treatise on the foot.

poly. A Greek prefix for much or many, ex: polyphagia, excessive eating.

poroma. Callus; exostosis.

potassium. An alkaline metallic element. Among the salts of potassium are: potassium bichromate, employed externally as a caustic to syphilitic vegetations; potassium hydroxide, used as a strong penetrating caustic.

poultice. A soft emulsion for external application.

pous. Foot, as in podiatrist.

pre. A prefix denoting anterior or before.

predisposing. Inclining to, as a disease.

prepatellar. In front of the patella.

prognosis. A forecast of the result. In medicine, the prior determination of the outcome of a disease.

proliferation. Cell-genesis, reproduction.

pronation. The act of rotating the forearm in such a way that the palm of the hand looks backward when the arm is in the anatomic position, or downward when the arm is extended at a right angle with the body. (Stedman.)

prophylactic. Preventing disease.

protargol. A combination of silver with a proteid base.

protean. Having the power to change form.

protonuclein. A preparation from the lymphoid tissue of animals.

protoplasm. Primitive organic cell matter.

protuberance. A projecting part.

pseudo. Prefix, signifying false.

ptomain. A crystallizable nitrogenous basic substance, produced by bacteria in dead animal or vegetable matter.

punctured. Wounded by a pointed instrument.

purge. A cathartic.

purulent. Having the character of pus.

pus. A fluid product of inflammation.

pustule. A soft purulent papule.

putrefaction. Organic decomposition, decay.

putrid. Manifesting putrefaction.

pyemia. A condition in which pyogenic bacteria circulate in the blood, and form abscesses wherever they lodge.

pyogenic. Developing or excreting pus.

pyorrhea. A discharge of pus.

pyorrhea alveolaris. Rigg’s disease; suppurative inflammation of the periosteum lining the teeth in their sockets.

Q

q.h. Every hour, used in prescription writing.

q.s. Sufficient quantity, used in prescription writing.

quinine. An alkaloid of cinchona.

quinine and urea hydrochlorate. Used as a local anesthetic.

R

rachitic. Pertaining to rickets.

rationale. Fundamental reason.

Raynaud’s disease. Symmetrical gangrene of the extremities.

recipe. “Take thou.” Used to precede directions in prescription writing.

rectum. The terminal part of the digestive tube from the pelvic colon to the anus.

refrigeration. The act of cooling or reducing fever.

remittent. Characterized by temporary abatement of symptoms.

resection. Removal of articular ends forming a joint; removing a segment of any part.

retention. Holding back as of excretions and secretions.

rhea. A flow, as in diarrhea, an abnormally frequent discharge of more or less fluid fecal matter from the bowels.

rheumatism. An acute, probably infectious, condition; when articular, the joints are inflamed.

rhigolene. A liquid obtained from petroleum distillation. Used as a local anesthetic.

rickets. Disease of early childhood characterized by defective nutrition of the bony structures.

Roentgen rays. (See X-ray.)

rotated. Turned about or around on its own axis.

S

sac. Pouch; bursa.

saccharomyces. The yeast fungi.

salicylate of mercury. A salt of mercury and salicylic acid.

salvarsan. The Ehrlich-Hata anti-syphilitic preparation; known also as No. 606.

saphenous vein. The ascending vein of the lower limb which empties into the femoral vein.

saprophyte. A microorganism which normally grows on dead matter.

sapremia. Intoxication due to absorption of dead saprophytes into the system.

saprophytic. Pertaining to saprophytes.

sarcoma. A malignant connective tissue tumor.

scaphoid. One of the small bones of the wrist. One of the bones of the tarsus.

scar. Mark of a wound.

scarlet fever. Scarlatina. An acute exanthematous disease.

schizomycetes. The fisson fungi microorganisms; bacteria; putrefaction; organic decomposition, decay.

sclerosis. Induration and overgrowth of the connective tissue of an organ.

scope. View, as in stethoscope, an instrument originally devised for aid in hearing the respiratory or cardiac sounds in the chest.

scrotum. The sac containing the testicles.

sebum. The fat excreted by the sebaceous glands of the skin.

secare-sect. To cut, as in dissect, to cut apart or separate the tissues of the body in the study of anatomy.

sedative. Calming, quieting.

senile. Relating to old age.

sensibility. The consciousness of sensation.

sensory. Pertaining to sensation.

sepsis. (See septicemia.)

septicemia. An infection characterized by the presence of bacteria and their toxins in the blood.

sequestrum. A fragment of necrosed bone.

serous. Relating to, containing or producing serum.

serum. A clear watery fluid moistening the surface of serous membranes or exudate resulting from inflammation of any of those membranes.

shaft. The part of a long bone between its ends.

shock. A sudden physical or mental disturbance.

sinus. A hollow cavity recess, or pocket in the body tissues.

skiagraph. A shadow. The production of photographs by means of Roentgen rays.

skin. The membranous covering of the body.

skiving. Splitting or paring materials for adjusting shields to surfaces on the foot.

slough. Necrosed tissue separated from living structure.

smallpox. Variola; an acute eruptive contagious disease.

sodium chloride. Common table salt.

sodium hydroxide. Caustic soda. Used for its caustic effects.

sodium sulphate. Colorless crystals. Glauber’s salt; a purgative.

sodium urate. The substance found in gouty nodes; chalk-stone.

spasm. An involuntary convulsive muscular contraction.

spirillum. A genus of spirillaceae containing rigid cells with polar tufts.

spirochaeta pallida. The specific organism of syphilis.

splint. An apparatus for fixating a joint.

spontaneous. Occurring without external stimulation.

spores. Reproductive bodies of cryptogams.

stagnation. Cessation of motion.

staphylococcus. A coccus; a genus of schizomycetes in which the cocci are irregularly clustered like a bunch of grapes.

stasis. Standing, as in hemostasis, the arrest of the circulation in the blood vessels of a part.

sterile. Barren, not fertile.

sterilization. The destruction of germs.

sternum. The breast-bone.

stovaine. A local anesthetic; used largely to induce intraspinal anesthesia.

stratum corneum. The horny or outer layer of the epidermis.

streptococcus. A genus of schizomycetes in which the cocci are arranged in strings or in chains.

strismus. Spasm.

structure. The component formation features of a tissue.

strychnine. An alkaloid of nux vomica.

styptic. Having the property of checking hemorrhage.

sub. A Latin prefix denoting, beneath, as subareolar, beneath the areola or minute area.

subcutaneous. Under the skin.

subcutin. A white crystalline powder used in saline solution as a local anesthetic.

supinate. To turn the hand so that it is supine, i. e., with the palm outward. The opposite of pronation.

suppository. A solid medicine, melting at body temperature, for introduction into the rectum or vagina.

suppuration. The formation of pus.

supra. A prefix denoting a position above.

suture. An anatomic union between two bones; the surgical union of two surfaces by stitches.

symptomatic. Relating to symptoms; indicative.

symptomatology. The study of the symptoms of disease.

synchronous. Occurring at the same time.

syncope. Swooning or fainting.

synovia. Tenacious, colorless, stringy alkaline fluid which lubricates a joint; in appearance like the white of eggs.

synovial. Pertaining to synovia.

synovitis. Inflammation of a synovial membrane.

synthetic. Created from parts into a compound.

syphilis. An infectious disease spread by inoculation thru sexual intercourse; also possible by contamination thru table utensils, towel, pipes, etc.

systemic. Relating to a system.

T

tabes dorsalis. Locomotor ataxia; posterior spinal sclerosis.

talipes. Clubfoot.

talipes calcaneus. The heel touching the ground and the foot generally in extreme dorsi-flexion.

talipes cavus. Hollow foot. An increased curvature of the arch of the foot.

talipes equinus. Club foot, the patient walking on his toes, and the foot in plantar flexion.

talipes planus. Flat foot; a deformity marked by depression of the arch of the foot.

talipes valgus. Eversion of the foot, the inner side of the foot resting on the ground.

talipes varus. Inversion of the foot, the outer side of the sole of the foot touching the ground.

tarsus. A bone of the posterior part of the foot.

technic. Details of a procedure.

tendo Achillis. The common tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles.

tendon. A white, glistening fibrous tissue, affording attachment of muscles to bone.

tenosynovitis. Inflammation of a tendon and its sheath.

tenotomy. The surgical division of a tendon.

terminal. Relating to the end, extremity or summit of any body.

tetanus. Lock jaw. A very fatal disease due to the introduction of the bacillus tetanus into the tissues.

therapy. Treatment, as hydrotherapy, treatment of diseases by means of water.

therapeutics. The branch of medical science concerned with the application of remedies for the alleviation of pain and the treatment of disease.

thermal. Pertaining to heat.

thoracentesis. Tapping the thorax to release fluid from it.

thrombin. The fibrin ferment.

thrombosis. The formation of a thrombus.

thrombus. A blood clot in a vessel producing an obstruction in the flow of the blood in the same.

thymol. A phenol found in some volatile oils. Used as a deodorizer and as an antiseptic.

tibia. The shin-bone.

tincture. The pharmacy name of an alcoholic solution or extract of a nonvolatile vegetable substance.

tissue. A collection of cells or derivatives of cells forming a definite structure.

toma, or oma. Tumor in hematoma, a bloody tumor.

tourniquet. An instrument or apparatus for arresting the flow of blood from a vessel in a limb by pressure.

toxalbumins. Poisonous soluble albuminoids producing specific disease.

toxemia. A poisoned state of the blood due to the absorption of poisons not of parasitic origin.

toxicity. A state of being poisonous.

toxicology. The science of poisons and their antidotes.

toxins. Amorphous, nitrogenous poisons, formed by bacteria in both living tissues and dead substances.

trabecula. Any one of the fibrous bands extending from the capsule into the interior of an organ.

tracheotomy. The operation of opening into the trachea.

traction. Drawing; pulling.

tragopodia. Knock-knee.

transfusion. The transfer of blood from one person to another.

transplant. To transfer from one part to another as in plastic operations.

trauma. A wound or injury.

traumatic. Relating to or caused by a wound.

trinitrin. Nitroglycerin.

triturate. To reduce to fine powder; a finely divided powder.

tropacocaine. An alkaloid from Java coca leaves, used as a local anesthetic.

trophe (nourishment). Hypertrophy, overgrowth; atrophy, lack of nourishment.

trophic. Relating to or dependent upon nutrition.

trypsin. A proteolytic ferment of pancreatic fluid.

tubercle. A circumscribed elevation on the skin, mucous membrane or surface of an organ; the lesion of tuberculosis.

tuberosity. A small rounded elevation on a bony surface.

tumor. A swelling or tumefaction.

tylosis. Formation of a callosity.

typhoid fever. An acute infectious disease caused by the bacillus typhosus.

U

ulcer (ulcus). A lesion of a cutaneous or mucous surface usually attended by suppuration.

ulceration. The process of ulcer formation.

unguentum Crede. An ointment of colloidal silver, 15: distilled water, 5; white wax, 10; benzoinated lard, 70 parts. Used as an inunction.

urates. Salts of uric acid.

urea. An end-product of metabolism excreted in the urine.

ureter. A tube carrying urine from the kidney to the bladder.

urethra. A canal from the bladder thru which the urine is discharged.

uria (urine). As in glycosuria, the excretion of sugar (glucose) in the urine.

urology. The subject which has to do with urinary modifications in disease.

V

vaccine. The modified virus of any disease, which, when inoculated, protects against the action of the unmodified virus.

vaccination. The injection of a killed culture of a specific bacterium as a means of prophylaxis or cure of the disease caused by that microorganism.

valgus. One who is bow-legged or has knock-knees.

varix. An enlarged and tortuous vein, artery or lymphatic vessel.

vasoconstrictor. An agent or a nerve which causes narrowing of the blood vessels.

vasodilator. An agent or a nerve which causes dilatation of the blood vessels.

vein. A blood-vessel carrying blood toward the heart.

venous. Pertaining to a vein.

verruca (pr. verrucae). Wart.

vertebra. A bony segment of the spinal column.

vesicle. A small blister or sac containing serum.

villus (pl. villi). A minute projection from the surface, especially of a mucous membrane.

viscus (viscera). An internal organ especially of the abdominal cavity.

W

Wart. A circumscribed hypertrophy of the papillae of the corium covered by thickened epidermis.

Wassermann’s test. A diagnostic test for syphilis, based upon the theory of complement fixation.

wen. A sebaceous cyst, especially one occurring on the scalp.

whitlow. See paronychia.

X

xeroderma. Roughening of the skin from diminished secretion.

X-rays. The ethereal waves or pulsations from a Crookes’ tube from the bombardment of the anode target with the cathode rays.

Z

zinc chloride. A caustic sulphate. An astringent.

zymotic. Relating to fermentation; noting an infectious disease.